Are alarm bells sounding in the financial community about CIBC and Royal Bank?

Back in August, the website Zero Hedge sparked a debate about the soundness of Canadian banks.

The issues raised about Tangible Common Equity (TCE) were quickly dismissed by Canadian authorities, but the issue has been raised again with a slight twist.

In a post tonight, Zero Hedge strikes again zeroing in on something called Re-hypothecation which lies at the heart of the whole MF Global scandal.

In investment banking, assets deposited with a broker will be hypothecated such that a broker may sell securities if an investor fails to keep up credit payments or if the securities drop in value and the investor fails to respond to a margin call (a request for more capital).

Re-hypothecation occurs when a bank or broker re-uses collateral posted by clients, such as hedge funds, to back the broker’s own trades and borrowings. The practice of re-hypothecation runs into the trillions of dollars and is perfectly legal. It is justified by brokers on the basis that it is a capital efficient way of financing their operations much to the chagrin of hedge funds.

In the UK, there is absolutely no statutory limit on the amount that can be re-hypothecated.

By 2007, re-hypothecation had grown so large that it accounted for half of the activity of the shadow banking system.

Prior to Lehman Brothers collapse, the International Monetary Fund (IMF) calculated that U.S. banks were receiving $4 trillion worth of funding by re-hypothecation, much of which was sourced from the UK. With assets being re-hypothecated many times over (known as “churn”), the original collateral being used may have been as little as $1 trillion – a quarter of the financial footprint created through re-hypothecation.

In its quarterly report, MF Global disclosed that by June 2011 it had repledged (re-hypothecated) $70 million, including securities received under resale agreements.

The off-balance sheet treatment means that the amount of leverage (gearing) and systemic risk created in the system by re-hypothecation is staggering.

Re-hypothecation transactions are off-balance sheet and are therefore unrestricted by balance sheet controls. Whereas on balance sheet transactions necessitate only appearing as an asset/liability on one bank’s balance sheet and not another, off-balance sheet transactions can, and frequently do, appear on multiple banks’ financial statements.

What this creates is chains of counterparty risk, where multiple re-hypothecation borrowers use the same collateral over and over again.

Essentially, it is a chain of debt obligations that is only as strong as its weakest link.

With collateral being re-hypothecated to a factor of four (according to IMF estimates), the actual capital backing banks re-hypothecation transactions may be as little as 25%. This churning of collateral means that re-hypothecation transactions have been creating enormous amounts of liquidity, much of which has no real asset backing.

So what does all this have to do with CIBC and Royal Bank?

With weak collateral rules and a level of leverage that would make Archimedes tremble, firms have been piling into re-hypothecation activity with startling abandon. A review of filings reveals a staggering level of activity in what may be the world’s largest ever credit bubble.

Engaging in hyper-hypothecation have been

• Goldman Sachs ($28.17 billion re-hypothecated in 2011),
• Canadian Imperial Bank of Commerce (re-pledged $72 billion in client assets),
• Royal Bank of Canada (re-pledged $53.8 billion of $126.7 billion available for re-pledging),
• Oppenheimer Holdings ($15.3 million),
• Credit Suisse (CHF 332 billion),
• Knight Capital Group ($1.17 billion),
• Interactive Brokers ($14.5 billion),
• Wells Fargo ($19.6 billion),
• JP Morgan($546.2 billion),
• and Morgan Stanley ($410 billion).

That's right, CIBC and Royal Bank have over $125 Billion of collateral backing up its derivatives book which is actually client collateral!!!

When the crunch came for MF Global, their clients collateral was seized and is now gone. It is being suggested that MF Global's bankruptcy has already set off a chain of events which not even all the world's central banks can halt.

Back in August, Canadian banks defended themselves against the concerns of TCE. And anyone looking through the balance sheet of Canadian banks could turn up no alert signals.

Was it because hundreds of billions of dollars worth of debt exposure was off the books?

Reuters is reporting on the MF Global Re-hypothecation scan here. It explains the whole issue very well. From the article:

A legal loophole in international brokerage regulations means that few, if any, clients of MF Global are likely to get their money back. Although details of the drama are still unfolding, it appears that MF Global and some of its Wall Street counterparts have been actively and aggressively circumventing U.S. securities rules at the expense (quite literally) of their clients.

After reading all this, do you feel safe with your money at CIBC or Royal Bank?

Look for lots of interest in Canada to be generated by this latest Zero Hedge post.

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Email: village_whisperer@live.ca
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